Python - Object and Classes

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Python is a highly object-oriented language. In Python, each and every element in a Python program is an object of one or the other class. A number, string, list, dictionary etc. used in a program they are objects of corresponding built-in classes.

Example

num=20
print (type(num))
num1=55.50
print (type(num1))
s="TutorialsPoint"
print (type(s))
dct={'a':1,'b':2,'c':3}
print (type(dct))
def SayHello():
   print ("Hello World")
   return
print (type(SayHello))

When you execute this code, it will produce the following output −

<class 'int'>
<class 'float'>
<class 'str'>
<class 'dict'>
<class 'function'>

In Python, the Object class is the base or parent class for all the classes, built-in as well as user defined.

The class keyword is used to define a new class. The name of the class immediately follows the keyword class followed by a colon as follows −

class ClassName:
   'Optional class documentation string'
   class_suite

• The class has a documentation string, which can be accessed via ClassName.__doc__.

• The class_suite consists of all the component statements defining class members, data attributes and functions.

Example

class Employee(object):
   'Common base class for all employees'
   pass

Any class in Python is a subclass of object class, hence object is written in parentheses. However, later versions of Python don't require object to be put in parentheses.

class Employee:
   'Common base class for all employees'
   pass

To define an object of this class, use the following syntax −

e1 = Employee()